diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fallback.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fallback.rs
index 5b5986a349f..97091c39c65 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fallback.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fallback.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::{
     graph::{iterate::DepthFirstSearch, vec_graph::VecGraph},
     unord::{UnordBag, UnordMap, UnordSet},
 };
+use rustc_infer::infer::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferOk};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
 
 impl<'tcx> FnCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
@@ -23,22 +24,12 @@ impl<'tcx> FnCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             self.fulfillment_cx.borrow_mut().pending_obligations()
         );
 
-        // Check if we have any unsolved variables. If not, no need for fallback.
-        let unsolved_variables = self.unsolved_variables();
-        if unsolved_variables.is_empty() {
+        let fallback_occured = self.fallback_types() || self.fallback_effects();
+
+        if !fallback_occured {
             return;
         }
 
-        let diverging_fallback = self.calculate_diverging_fallback(&unsolved_variables);
-
-        // We do fallback in two passes, to try to generate
-        // better error messages.
-        // The first time, we do *not* replace opaque types.
-        for ty in unsolved_variables {
-            debug!("unsolved_variable = {:?}", ty);
-            self.fallback_if_possible(ty, &diverging_fallback);
-        }
-
         // We now see if we can make progress. This might cause us to
         // unify inference variables for opaque types, since we may
         // have unified some other type variables during the first
@@ -65,6 +56,53 @@ impl<'tcx> FnCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.select_obligations_where_possible(|_| {});
     }
 
+    fn fallback_types(&self) -> bool {
+        // Check if we have any unsolved variables. If not, no need for fallback.
+        let unsolved_variables = self.unsolved_variables();
+
+        if unsolved_variables.is_empty() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let diverging_fallback = self.calculate_diverging_fallback(&unsolved_variables);
+
+        // We do fallback in two passes, to try to generate
+        // better error messages.
+        // The first time, we do *not* replace opaque types.
+        for ty in unsolved_variables {
+            debug!("unsolved_variable = {:?}", ty);
+            self.fallback_if_possible(ty, &diverging_fallback);
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn fallback_effects(&self) -> bool {
+        let unsolved_effects = self.unsolved_effects();
+
+        if unsolved_effects.is_empty() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // not setting `fallback_has_occured` here because that field is only used for type fallback
+        // diagnostics.
+
+        for effect in unsolved_effects {
+            let expected = self.tcx.consts.true_;
+            let cause = self.misc(rustc_span::DUMMY_SP);
+            match self.at(&cause, self.param_env).eq(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, expected, effect) {
+                Ok(InferOk { obligations, value: () }) => {
+                    self.register_predicates(obligations);
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    bug!("cannot eq unsolved effect: {e:?}")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
     // Tries to apply a fallback to `ty` if it is an unsolved variable.
     //
     // - Unconstrained ints are replaced with `i32`.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
index 28fe2e062e5..694f3f67bab 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/_impl.rs
@@ -1295,17 +1295,22 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     (GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. }, GenericArg::Infer(inf)) => {
                         self.fcx.ty_infer(Some(param), inf.span).into()
                     }
-                    (GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. }, GenericArg::Infer(inf)) => {
+                    (&GenericParamDefKind::Const { has_default }, GenericArg::Infer(inf)) => {
                         let tcx = self.fcx.tcx();
-                        self.fcx
-                            .ct_infer(
-                                tcx.type_of(param.def_id)
-                                    .no_bound_vars()
-                                    .expect("const parameter types cannot be generic"),
-                                Some(param),
-                                inf.span,
-                            )
-                            .into()
+
+                        if has_default && tcx.has_attr(param.def_id, sym::rustc_host) {
+                            self.fcx.var_for_effect(param)
+                        } else {
+                            self.fcx
+                                .ct_infer(
+                                    tcx.type_of(param.def_id)
+                                        .no_bound_vars()
+                                        .expect("const parameter types cannot be generic"),
+                                    Some(param),
+                                    inf.span,
+                                )
+                                .into()
+                        }
                     }
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 }
@@ -1324,7 +1329,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                     GenericParamDefKind::Type { has_default, .. } => {
                         if !infer_args && has_default {
-                            // If we have a default, then we it doesn't matter that we're not
+                            // If we have a default, then it doesn't matter that we're not
                             // inferring the type arguments: we provide the default where any
                             // is missing.
                             tcx.type_of(param.def_id).instantiate(tcx, args.unwrap()).into()
@@ -1337,16 +1342,27 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     }
                     GenericParamDefKind::Const { has_default } => {
-                        if !infer_args
-                            && has_default
-                            && !tcx.has_attr(param.def_id, sym::rustc_host)
-                        {
-                            tcx.const_param_default(param.def_id)
-                                .instantiate(tcx, args.unwrap())
-                                .into()
-                        } else {
-                            self.fcx.var_for_def(self.span, param)
+                        if has_default {
+                            // N.B. this is a bit of a hack. `infer_args` is passed depending on
+                            // whether the user has provided generic args. E.g. for `Vec::new`
+                            // we would have to infer the generic types. However, for `Vec::<T>::new`
+                            // where the allocator param `A` has a default we will *not* infer. But
+                            // for effect params this is a different story: if the user has not written
+                            // anything explicit for the effect param, we always need to try to infer
+                            // it before falling back to default, such that a `const fn` such as
+                            // `needs_drop::<()>` can still be called in const contexts. (if we defaulted
+                            // instead of inferred, typeck would error)
+                            if tcx.has_attr(param.def_id, sym::rustc_host) {
+                                return self.fcx.var_for_effect(param);
+                            } else if !infer_args {
+                                return tcx
+                                    .const_param_default(param.def_id)
+                                    .instantiate(tcx, args.unwrap())
+                                    .into();
+                            }
                         }
+
+                        self.fcx.var_for_def(self.span, param)
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
index 7707cc6de54..6f0d8ca774f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKin
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Const, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeVisitableExt};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use rustc_span::symbol::Ident;
-use rustc_span::{self, Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_span::{self, sym, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt};
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
@@ -266,7 +266,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AstConv<'tcx> for FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         param: Option<&ty::GenericParamDef>,
         span: Span,
     ) -> Const<'tcx> {
+        // FIXME ideally this shouldn't use unwrap
         match param {
+            Some(param) if self.tcx.has_attr(param.def_id, sym::rustc_host) => {
+                self.var_for_effect(param).as_const().unwrap()
+            }
             Some(param) => self.var_for_def(span, param).as_const().unwrap(),
             None => self.next_const_var(
                 ty,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
index 9d7a9fefd08..99bd296d0d5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/canonicalizer.rs
@@ -522,6 +522,17 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(vid)) => {
+                match self.infcx.probe_effect_var(vid) {
+                    Some(value) => return self.fold_const(value.as_const(self.infcx.tcx)),
+                    None => {
+                        return self.canonicalize_const_var(
+                            CanonicalVarInfo { kind: CanonicalVarKind::Effect },
+                            ct,
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Fresh(_)) => {
                 bug!("encountered a fresh const during canonicalization")
             }
@@ -690,7 +701,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> Canonicalizer<'cx, 'tcx> {
             .iter()
             .map(|v| CanonicalVarInfo {
                 kind: match v.kind {
-                    CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::Int | CanonicalTyVarKind::Float) => {
+                    CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::Int | CanonicalTyVarKind::Float)
+                    | CanonicalVarKind::Effect => {
                         return *v;
                     }
                     CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::General(u)) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
index 8ca2e403043..41787ee2942 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/canonical/mod.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     universe_map(ui),
                 )
                 .into(),
-
+            CanonicalVarKind::Effect => {
+                let vid = self.inner.borrow_mut().effect_unification_table().new_key(None);
+                ty::Const::new_infer(self.tcx, ty::InferConst::EffectVar(vid), self.tcx.types.bool)
+                    .into()
+            }
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(ty::PlaceholderConst { universe, bound }, ty) => {
                 let universe_mapped = universe_map(universe);
                 let placeholder_mapped = ty::PlaceholderConst { universe: universe_mapped, bound };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
index ddc8e7e50eb..377c414456d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/combine.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use super::{DefineOpaqueTypes, InferCtxt, TypeTrace};
 use crate::infer::generalize::{self, CombineDelegate, Generalization};
 use crate::traits::{Obligation, PredicateObligations};
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::OriginalQueryValues;
-use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
+use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue, EffectVarValue};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
 use rustc_middle::ty::relate::{RelateResult, TypeRelation};
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     .borrow_mut()
                     .float_unification_table()
                     .unify_var_var(a_id, b_id)
-                    .map_err(|e| float_unification_error(relation.a_is_expected(), e))?;
+                    .map_err(|e| float_unification_error(a_is_expected, e))?;
                 Ok(a)
             }
             (&ty::Infer(ty::FloatVar(v_id)), &ty::Float(v)) => {
@@ -210,10 +210,30 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 return Ok(a);
             }
 
+            (
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(a_vid)),
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(b_vid)),
+            ) => {
+                self.inner
+                    .borrow_mut()
+                    .effect_unification_table()
+                    .unify_var_var(a_vid, b_vid)
+                    .map_err(|a| effect_unification_error(self.tcx, relation.a_is_expected(), a))?;
+                return Ok(a);
+            }
+
             // All other cases of inference with other variables are errors.
-            (ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_)), ty::ConstKind::Infer(_))
-            | (ty::ConstKind::Infer(_), ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_))) => {
-                bug!("tried to combine ConstKind::Infer/ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var)")
+            (
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_) | InferConst::EffectVar(_)),
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(_),
+            )
+            | (
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(_),
+                ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_) | InferConst::EffectVar(_)),
+            ) => {
+                bug!(
+                    "tried to combine ConstKind::Infer/ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var): {a:?} and {b:?}"
+                )
             }
 
             (ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)), _) => {
@@ -223,6 +243,23 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             (_, ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid))) => {
                 return self.unify_const_variable(vid, a, relation.param_env());
             }
+
+            (ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(vid)), _) => {
+                return self.unify_effect_variable(
+                    relation.a_is_expected(),
+                    vid,
+                    EffectVarValue::Const(b),
+                );
+            }
+
+            (_, ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(vid))) => {
+                return self.unify_effect_variable(
+                    !relation.a_is_expected(),
+                    vid,
+                    EffectVarValue::Const(a),
+                );
+            }
+
             (ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..), _) | (_, ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..))
                 if self.tcx.features().generic_const_exprs || self.next_trait_solver() =>
             {
@@ -340,6 +377,20 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
             .map_err(|e| float_unification_error(vid_is_expected, e))?;
         Ok(Ty::new_float(self.tcx, val))
     }
+
+    fn unify_effect_variable(
+        &self,
+        vid_is_expected: bool,
+        vid: ty::EffectVid<'tcx>,
+        val: EffectVarValue<'tcx>,
+    ) -> RelateResult<'tcx, ty::Const<'tcx>> {
+        self.inner
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .effect_unification_table()
+            .unify_var_value(vid, Some(val))
+            .map_err(|e| effect_unification_error(self.tcx, vid_is_expected, e))?;
+        Ok(val.as_const(self.tcx))
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'infcx, 'tcx> CombineFields<'infcx, 'tcx> {
@@ -493,3 +544,11 @@ fn float_unification_error<'tcx>(
     let (ty::FloatVarValue(a), ty::FloatVarValue(b)) = v;
     TypeError::FloatMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a, b))
 }
+
+fn effect_unification_error<'tcx>(
+    tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+    a_is_expected: bool,
+    (a, b): (EffectVarValue<'tcx>, EffectVarValue<'tcx>),
+) -> TypeError<'tcx> {
+    TypeError::ConstMismatch(ExpectedFound::new(a_is_expected, a.as_const(tcx), b.as_const(tcx)))
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
index 689945d644c..0596ce373cf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/freshen.rs
@@ -156,6 +156,21 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for TypeFreshener<'a, 'tcx> {
                     .known();
                 self.freshen_const(opt_ct, ty::InferConst::Var(v), ty::InferConst::Fresh, ct.ty())
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::EffectVar(v)) => {
+                let opt_ct = self
+                    .infcx
+                    .inner
+                    .borrow_mut()
+                    .effect_unification_table()
+                    .probe_value(v)
+                    .map(|effect| effect.as_const(self.infcx.tcx));
+                self.freshen_const(
+                    opt_ct,
+                    ty::InferConst::EffectVar(v),
+                    ty::InferConst::Fresh,
+                    ct.ty(),
+                )
+            }
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::Fresh(i)) => {
                 if i >= self.const_freshen_count {
                     bug!(
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs
index cf674d5dda6..dd7f8d35441 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/generalize.rs
@@ -403,6 +403,7 @@ where
                     }
                 }
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(_)) => Ok(c),
             // FIXME: remove this branch once `structurally_relate_consts` is fully
             // structural.
             ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(ty::UnevaluatedConst { def, args }) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
index aaabf1482e2..b31046c2d32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/mod.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::unify as ut;
 use rustc_errors::{DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::infer::canonical::{Canonical, CanonicalVarValues};
-use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue};
+use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVarValue, ConstVariableValue, EffectVarValue};
 use rustc_middle::infer::unify_key::{ConstVariableOrigin, ConstVariableOriginKind, ToType};
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{ErrorHandled, EvalToValTreeResult};
 use rustc_middle::mir::ConstraintCategory;
@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::relate::RelateResult;
 use rustc_middle::ty::visit::{TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt};
 pub use rustc_middle::ty::IntVarValue;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericParamDefKind, InferConst, InferTy, Ty, TyCtxt};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{ConstVid, FloatVid, IntVid, TyVid};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{ConstVid, EffectVid, FloatVid, IntVid, TyVid};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{GenericArg, GenericArgKind, GenericArgs, GenericArgsRef};
 use rustc_span::symbol::Symbol;
-use rustc_span::Span;
+use rustc_span::{sym, Span};
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::fmt;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use self::combine::CombineFields;
 use self::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxt;
@@ -115,6 +116,9 @@ pub struct InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
     /// Map from floating variable to the kind of float it represents.
     float_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage<ty::FloatVid>,
 
+    /// Map from effect variable to the effect param it represents.
+    effect_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage<ty::EffectVid<'tcx>>,
+
     /// Tracks the set of region variables and the constraints between them.
     ///
     /// This is initially `Some(_)` but when
@@ -172,6 +176,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
             const_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage::new(),
             int_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage::new(),
             float_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage::new(),
+            effect_unification_storage: ut::UnificationTableStorage::new(),
             region_constraint_storage: Some(RegionConstraintStorage::new()),
             region_obligations: vec![],
             opaque_type_storage: Default::default(),
@@ -223,6 +228,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
         self.const_unification_storage.with_log(&mut self.undo_log)
     }
 
+    fn effect_unification_table(&mut self) -> UnificationTable<'_, 'tcx, ty::EffectVid<'tcx>> {
+        self.effect_unification_storage.with_log(&mut self.undo_log)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn unwrap_region_constraints(&mut self) -> RegionConstraintCollector<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.region_constraint_storage
@@ -356,6 +365,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ty::InferCtxtLike<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 Err(universe) => Some(universe),
                 Ok(_) => None,
             },
+            EffectVar(_) => None,
             Fresh(_) => None,
         }
     }
@@ -777,6 +787,19 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         vars
     }
 
+    pub fn unsolved_effects(&self) -> Vec<ty::Const<'tcx>> {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.borrow_mut();
+        let mut table = inner.effect_unification_table();
+
+        (0..table.len())
+            .map(|i| ty::EffectVid { index: i as u32, phantom: PhantomData })
+            .filter(|&vid| table.probe_value(vid).is_none())
+            .map(|v| {
+                ty::Const::new_infer(self.tcx, ty::InferConst::EffectVar(v), self.tcx.types.bool)
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     fn combine_fields<'a>(
         &'a self,
         trace: TypeTrace<'tcx>,
@@ -1159,6 +1182,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                 Ty::new_var(self.tcx, ty_var_id).into()
             }
             GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => {
+                // todo what about using effect var here
+                if self.tcx.has_attr(param.def_id, sym::rustc_host) {
+                    return self.var_for_effect(param);
+                }
                 let origin = ConstVariableOrigin {
                     kind: ConstVariableOriginKind::ConstParameterDefinition(
                         param.name,
@@ -1184,6 +1211,17 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn var_for_effect(&self, param: &ty::GenericParamDef) -> GenericArg<'tcx> {
+        let effect_vid = self.inner.borrow_mut().effect_unification_table().new_key(None);
+        let ty = self
+            .tcx
+            .type_of(param.def_id)
+            .no_bound_vars()
+            .expect("const parameter types cannot be generic");
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.tcx.types.bool, ty);
+        ty::Const::new_infer(self.tcx, ty::InferConst::EffectVar(effect_vid), ty).into()
+    }
+
     /// Given a set of generics defined on a type or impl, returns a substitution mapping each
     /// type/region parameter to a fresh inference variable.
     pub fn fresh_args_for_item(&self, span: Span, def_id: DefId) -> GenericArgsRef<'tcx> {
@@ -1369,6 +1407,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn probe_effect_var(&self, vid: EffectVid<'tcx>) -> Option<EffectVarValue<'tcx>> {
+        self.inner.borrow_mut().effect_unification_table().probe_value(vid)
+    }
+
     /// Attempts to resolve all type/region/const variables in
     /// `value`. Region inference must have been run already (e.g.,
     /// by calling `resolve_regions_and_report_errors`). If some
@@ -1649,6 +1691,14 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     ConstVariableValue::Known { .. } => true,
                 }
             }
+
+            TyOrConstInferVar::Effect(v) => {
+                // If `probe_value` returns `Some`, it never equals
+                // `ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::Effect(v))`.
+                //
+                // Not `inlined_probe_value(v)` because this call site is colder.
+                self.probe_effect_var(v).is_some()
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1720,6 +1770,8 @@ pub enum TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
 
     /// Equivalent to `ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::Var(_))`.
     Const(ConstVid<'tcx>),
+    /// Equivalent to `ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::EffectVar(_))`.
+    Effect(EffectVid<'tcx>),
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
@@ -1750,6 +1802,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyOrConstInferVar<'tcx> {
     fn maybe_from_const(ct: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> Option<Self> {
         match ct.kind() {
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(v)) => Some(TyOrConstInferVar::Const(v)),
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(v)) => Some(TyOrConstInferVar::Effect(v)),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -1793,17 +1846,24 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ShallowResolver<'a, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn fold_const(&mut self, ct: ty::Const<'tcx>) -> ty::Const<'tcx> {
-        if let ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) = ct.kind() {
-            self.infcx
+        match ct.kind() {
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(vid)) => self
+                .infcx
                 .inner
                 .borrow_mut()
                 .const_unification_table()
                 .probe_value(vid)
                 .val
                 .known()
-                .unwrap_or(ct)
-        } else {
-            ct
+                .unwrap_or(ct),
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::EffectVar(vid)) => self
+                .infcx
+                .inner
+                .borrow_mut()
+                .effect_unification_table()
+                .probe_value(vid)
+                .map_or(ct, |val| val.as_const(self.infcx.tcx)),
+            _ => ct,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
index 25d06b21ec8..79144b3e643 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/undo_log.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ pub(crate) enum UndoLog<'tcx> {
     ConstUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::ConstVid<'tcx>>>),
     IntUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::IntVid>>),
     FloatUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::FloatVid>>),
+    EffectUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::EffectVid<'tcx>>>),
     RegionConstraintCollector(region_constraints::UndoLog<'tcx>),
     RegionUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<RegionVidKey<'tcx>>>),
     ProjectionCache(traits::UndoLog<'tcx>),
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ impl_from! {
     IntUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::IntVid>>),
 
     FloatUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::FloatVid>>),
+    EffectUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::EffectVid<'tcx>>>),
 
     ConstUnificationTable(sv::UndoLog<ut::Delegate<ty::ConstVid<'tcx>>>),
 
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Rollback<UndoLog<'tcx>> for InferCtxtInner<'tcx> {
             UndoLog::ConstUnificationTable(undo) => self.const_unification_storage.reverse(undo),
             UndoLog::IntUnificationTable(undo) => self.int_unification_storage.reverse(undo),
             UndoLog::FloatUnificationTable(undo) => self.float_unification_storage.reverse(undo),
+            UndoLog::EffectUnificationTable(undo) => self.effect_unification_storage.reverse(undo),
             UndoLog::RegionConstraintCollector(undo) => {
                 self.region_constraint_storage.as_mut().unwrap().reverse(undo)
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index 4f4351633a2..7eae164ad3d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -873,14 +873,14 @@ fn should_encode_attrs(def_kind: DefKind) -> bool {
         | DefKind::AssocConst
         | DefKind::Macro(_)
         | DefKind::Field
-        | DefKind::Impl { .. } => true,
+        | DefKind::Impl { .. }
+        | DefKind::ConstParam => true,
         // Tools may want to be able to detect their tool lints on
         // closures from upstream crates, too. This is used by
         // https://github.com/model-checking/kani and is not a performance
         // or maintenance issue for us.
         DefKind::Closure => true,
         DefKind::TyParam
-        | DefKind::ConstParam
         | DefKind::Ctor(..)
         | DefKind::ExternCrate
         | DefKind::Use
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
index 81823118ab8..af9ca6b60c7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/canonical.rs
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx> {
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderRegion(..) => false,
             CanonicalVarKind::Const(..) => true,
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(_, _) => false,
+            CanonicalVarKind::Effect => true,
         }
     }
 
@@ -182,7 +183,8 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx> {
             CanonicalVarKind::Ty(_)
             | CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(_)
             | CanonicalVarKind::Const(_, _)
-            | CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(_, _) => false,
+            | CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(_, _)
+            | CanonicalVarKind::Effect => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -190,7 +192,8 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarInfo<'tcx> {
         match self.kind {
             CanonicalVarKind::Ty(_)
             | CanonicalVarKind::Region(_)
-            | CanonicalVarKind::Const(_, _) => bug!("expected placeholder: {self:?}"),
+            | CanonicalVarKind::Const(_, _)
+            | CanonicalVarKind::Effect => bug!("expected placeholder: {self:?}"),
 
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderRegion(placeholder) => placeholder.bound.var.as_usize(),
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(placeholder) => placeholder.bound.var.as_usize(),
@@ -222,6 +225,9 @@ pub enum CanonicalVarKind<'tcx> {
     /// Some kind of const inference variable.
     Const(ty::UniverseIndex, Ty<'tcx>),
 
+    /// Effect variable `'?E`.
+    Effect,
+
     /// A "placeholder" that represents "any const".
     PlaceholderConst(ty::PlaceholderConst<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>),
 }
@@ -229,11 +235,11 @@ pub enum CanonicalVarKind<'tcx> {
 impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarKind<'tcx> {
     pub fn universe(self) -> ty::UniverseIndex {
         match self {
-            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(kind) => match kind {
-                CanonicalTyVarKind::General(ui) => ui,
-                CanonicalTyVarKind::Float | CanonicalTyVarKind::Int => ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT,
-            },
-
+            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::General(ui)) => ui,
+            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::Float | CanonicalTyVarKind::Int) => {
+                ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT
+            }
+            CanonicalVarKind::Effect => ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT,
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(placeholder) => placeholder.universe,
             CanonicalVarKind::Region(ui) => ui,
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderRegion(placeholder) => placeholder.universe,
@@ -248,15 +254,14 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarKind<'tcx> {
     /// the updated universe is not the root.
     pub fn with_updated_universe(self, ui: ty::UniverseIndex) -> CanonicalVarKind<'tcx> {
         match self {
-            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(kind) => match kind {
-                CanonicalTyVarKind::General(_) => {
-                    CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::General(ui))
-                }
-                CanonicalTyVarKind::Int | CanonicalTyVarKind::Float => {
-                    assert_eq!(ui, ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT);
-                    CanonicalVarKind::Ty(kind)
-                }
-            },
+            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::General(_)) => {
+                CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::General(ui))
+            }
+            CanonicalVarKind::Ty(CanonicalTyVarKind::Int | CanonicalTyVarKind::Float)
+            | CanonicalVarKind::Effect => {
+                assert_eq!(ui, ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT);
+                self
+            }
             CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(placeholder) => {
                 CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderTy(ty::Placeholder { universe: ui, ..placeholder })
             }
@@ -443,6 +448,14 @@ impl<'tcx> CanonicalVarValues<'tcx> {
                             };
                             ty::Region::new_late_bound(tcx, ty::INNERMOST, br).into()
                         }
+                        // todo eh?
+                        CanonicalVarKind::Effect => ty::Const::new_bound(
+                            tcx,
+                            ty::INNERMOST,
+                            ty::BoundVar::from_usize(i),
+                            tcx.types.bool,
+                        )
+                        .into(),
                         CanonicalVarKind::Const(_, ty)
                         | CanonicalVarKind::PlaceholderConst(_, ty) => ty::Const::new_bound(
                             tcx,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
index 85fb9214d9d..7ca9647590a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/infer/unify_key.rs
@@ -188,3 +188,53 @@ impl<'tcx> UnifyValue for ConstVarValue<'tcx> {
         })
     }
 }
+
+/// values for the effect inference variable
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum EffectVarValue<'tcx> {
+    /// The host effect is on, enabling access to syscalls, filesystem access, etc.
+    Host,
+    /// The host effect is off. Execution is restricted to const operations only.
+    NoHost,
+    Const(ty::Const<'tcx>),
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> EffectVarValue<'tcx> {
+    pub fn as_const(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> ty::Const<'tcx> {
+        match self {
+            EffectVarValue::Host => tcx.consts.true_,
+            EffectVarValue::NoHost => tcx.consts.false_,
+            EffectVarValue::Const(c) => c,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> UnifyValue for EffectVarValue<'tcx> {
+    type Error = (EffectVarValue<'tcx>, EffectVarValue<'tcx>);
+    fn unify_values(value1: &Self, value2: &Self) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match (value1, value2) {
+            (EffectVarValue::Host, EffectVarValue::Host) => Ok(EffectVarValue::Host),
+            (EffectVarValue::NoHost, EffectVarValue::NoHost) => Ok(EffectVarValue::NoHost),
+            (EffectVarValue::NoHost | EffectVarValue::Host, _)
+            | (_, EffectVarValue::NoHost | EffectVarValue::Host) => Err((*value1, *value2)),
+            (EffectVarValue::Const(_), EffectVarValue::Const(_)) => {
+                bug!("equating two const variables, both of which have known values")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'tcx> UnifyKey for ty::EffectVid<'tcx> {
+    type Value = Option<EffectVarValue<'tcx>>;
+    #[inline]
+    fn index(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.index
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_index(i: u32) -> Self {
+        ty::EffectVid { index: i, phantom: PhantomData }
+    }
+    fn tag() -> &'static str {
+        "EffectVid"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
index db4a15fbee5..17fbbd7c6b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/consts/kind.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ static_assert_size!(super::ConstKind<'_>, 32);
 pub enum InferConst<'tcx> {
     /// Infer the value of the const.
     Var(ty::ConstVid<'tcx>),
+    /// Infer the value of the effect.
+    ///
+    /// For why this is separate from the `Var` variant above, see the
+    /// documentation on `EffectVid`.
+    EffectVar(ty::EffectVid<'tcx>),
     /// A fresh const variable. See `infer::freshen` for more details.
     Fresh(u32),
 }
@@ -62,7 +67,9 @@ pub enum InferConst<'tcx> {
 impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for InferConst<'_> {
     fn hash_stable(&self, hcx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         match self {
-            InferConst::Var(_) => panic!("const variables should not be hashed: {self:?}"),
+            InferConst::Var(_) | InferConst::EffectVar(_) => {
+                panic!("const variables should not be hashed: {self:?}")
+            }
             InferConst::Fresh(i) => i.hash_stable(hcx, hasher),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
index bbd4a623330..3cafd9a8da9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/flags.rs
@@ -324,7 +324,9 @@ impl FlagComputation {
                 self.add_flags(TypeFlags::STILL_FURTHER_SPECIALIZABLE);
                 match infer {
                     InferConst::Fresh(_) => self.add_flags(TypeFlags::HAS_CT_FRESH),
-                    InferConst::Var(_) => self.add_flags(TypeFlags::HAS_CT_INFER),
+                    InferConst::Var(_) | InferConst::EffectVar(_) => {
+                        self.add_flags(TypeFlags::HAS_CT_INFER)
+                    }
                 }
             }
             ty::ConstKind::Bound(debruijn, _) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index 1fdc4f7500f..99b697d0ea5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ pub use self::sty::BoundRegionKind::*;
 pub use self::sty::{
     AliasTy, Article, Binder, BoundRegion, BoundRegionKind, BoundTy, BoundTyKind, BoundVar,
     BoundVariableKind, CanonicalPolyFnSig, ClosureArgs, ClosureArgsParts, ConstKind, ConstVid,
-    EarlyBoundRegion, ExistentialPredicate, ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef, FnSig,
-    FreeRegion, GenSig, GeneratorArgs, GeneratorArgsParts, InlineConstArgs, InlineConstArgsParts,
-    ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialPredicate, PolyExistentialProjection,
+    EarlyBoundRegion, EffectVid, ExistentialPredicate, ExistentialProjection, ExistentialTraitRef,
+    FnSig, FreeRegion, GenSig, GeneratorArgs, GeneratorArgsParts, InlineConstArgs,
+    InlineConstArgsParts, ParamConst, ParamTy, PolyExistentialPredicate, PolyExistentialProjection,
     PolyExistentialTraitRef, PolyFnSig, PolyGenSig, PolyTraitRef, Region, RegionKind, RegionVid,
     TraitRef, TyKind, TypeAndMut, UpvarArgs, VarianceDiagInfo,
 };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
index f979ddd00fa..e2e1d520548 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -138,6 +138,12 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::ConstVid<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Debug for ty::EffectVid<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "?{}e", self.index)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         with_no_trimmed_paths!(fmt::Display::fmt(self, f))
@@ -253,6 +259,7 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::InferConst<'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             InferConst::Var(var) => write!(f, "{var:?}"),
+            InferConst::EffectVar(var) => write!(f, "{var:?}"),
             InferConst::Fresh(var) => write!(f, "Fresh({var:?})"),
         }
     }
@@ -267,6 +274,7 @@ impl<'tcx> DebugWithInfcx<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for ty::InferConst<'tcx> {
             None => write!(f, "{:?}", this.data),
             Some(universe) => match *this.data {
                 Var(vid) => write!(f, "?{}_{}c", vid.index, universe.index()),
+                EffectVar(vid) => write!(f, "?{}_{}e", vid.index, universe.index()),
                 Fresh(_) => {
                     unreachable!()
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 0291cdd6c57..b8627338d4c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -1577,6 +1577,20 @@ pub struct ConstVid<'tcx> {
     pub phantom: PhantomData<&'tcx ()>,
 }
 
+/// An **effect** **v**ariable **ID**.
+///
+/// Handling effect infer variables happens separately from const infer variables
+/// because we do not want to reuse any of the const infer machinery. If we try to
+/// relate an effect variable with a normal one, we would ICE, which can catch bugs
+/// where we are not correctly using the effect var for an effect param. Fallback
+/// is also implemented on top of having separate effect and normal const variables.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[derive(TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
+pub struct EffectVid<'tcx> {
+    pub index: u32,
+    pub phantom: PhantomData<&'tcx ()>,
+}
+
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A **region** (lifetime) **v**ariable **ID**.
     #[derive(HashStable)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
index a9d182abfb7..77c0f9f090c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/solve/canonicalize.rs
@@ -365,6 +365,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeFolder<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for Canonicalizer<'_, 'tcx> {
                 // FIXME: we should fold this ty eventually
                 CanonicalVarKind::Const(ui, c.ty())
             }
+            ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::EffectVar(_)) => {
+                bug!("effect var has no universe")
+            }
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(ty::InferConst::Fresh(_)) => {
                 bug!("fresh var during canonicalization: {c:?}")
             }
diff --git a/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2632-const-trait-impl/effects/fallback.rs b/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2632-const-trait-impl/effects/fallback.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..855bbb2e992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2632-const-trait-impl/effects/fallback.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// check-pass
+
+#![feature(const_trait_impl, effects)]
+
+pub const fn owo() {}
+
+fn main() {
+    let _ = owo;
+}