Rollup merge of #24806 - FuGangqiang:doc, r=Manishearth

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Manish Goregaokar 2015-04-25 21:18:47 +05:30
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% Getting Started
This first section of the book will get you going with Rust and its tooling.
First, well install Rust. Then: the classic Hello World program. Finally,
First, well install Rust. Then, the classic Hello World program. Finally,
well talk about Cargo, Rusts build system and package manager.

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When a compiler is compiling your program, it does a number of different
things. One of the things that it does is turn the text of your program into an
'abstract syntax tree,' or 'AST.' This tree is a representation of the
abstract syntax tree, orAST. This tree is a representation of the
structure of your program. For example, `2 + 3` can be turned into a tree:
```text

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@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ let y = 1.0; // y has type f64
Heres a list of the different numeric types, with links to their documentation
in the standard library:
* [i8](../std/primitive.i8.html)
* [i16](../std/primitive.i16.html)
* [i32](../std/primitive.i32.html)
* [i64](../std/primitive.i64.html)
* [i8](../std/primitive.i8.html)
* [u8](../std/primitive.u8.html)
* [u16](../std/primitive.u16.html)
* [u32](../std/primitive.u32.html)
* [u64](../std/primitive.u64.html)
* [u8](../std/primitive.u8.html)
* [isize](../std/primitive.isize.html)
* [usize](../std/primitive.usize.html)
* [f32](../std/primitive.f32.html)
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Integer types come in two varieties: signed and unsigned. To understand the
difference, lets consider a number with four bits of size. A signed, four-bit
number would let you store numbers from `-8` to `+7`. Signed numbers use
twos compliment representation. An unsigned four bit number, since it does
“twos compliment representation”. An unsigned four bit number, since it does
not need to store negatives, can store values from `0` to `+15`.
Unsigned types use a `u` for their category, and signed types use `i`. The `i`
is for integer. So `u8` is an eight-bit unsigned number, and `i8` is an
eight-bit signed number.
eight-bit signed number.
## Fixed size types
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## Floating-point types
Rust also two floating point types: `f32` and `f64`. These correspond to
Rust also has two floating point types: `f32` and `f64`. These correspond to
IEEE-754 single and double precision numbers.
# Arrays
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Remember [before][let] when I said the left-hand side of a `let` statement was more
powerful than just assigning a binding? Here we are. We can put a pattern on
the left-hand side of the `let`, and if it matches up to the right-hand side,
we can assign multiple bindings at once. In this case, `let` "destructures,"
or "breaks up," the tuple, and assigns the bits to three bindings.
we can assign multiple bindings at once. In this case, `let` “destructures”
or “breaks up” the tuple, and assigns the bits to three bindings.
[let]: variable-bindings.html

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% Variable Bindings
Vitually every non-Hello World Rust program uses *variable bindings*. They
Virtually every non-Hello WorldRust program uses *variable bindings*. They
look like this:
```rust