Rollup merge of #75015 - Amanieu:vec_spare, r=sfackler

Add Vec::spare_capacity_mut

Returns the remaining spare capacity of the vector as a slice of `MaybeUninit<T>`.

As suggested by @sfackler in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/70967#issuecomment-612659006.

r? @sfackler

library/alloc/src/vec.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ use core::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use core::intrinsics::{arith_offset, assume};
 use core::iter::{FromIterator, FusedIterator, TrustedLen};
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
-use core::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop};
+use core::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit};
 use core::ops::Bound::{Excluded, Included, Unbounded};
 use core::ops::{self, Index, IndexMut, RangeBounds};
 use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
@@ -1525,6 +1525,47 @@ impl<T> Vec<T> {
     {
         Box::leak(vec.into_boxed_slice())
     }
+
+    /// Returns the remaining spare capacity of the vector as a slice of
+    /// `MaybeUninit<T>`.
+    ///
+    /// The returned slice can be used to fill the vector with data (e.g. by
+    /// reading from a file) before marking the data as initialized using the
+    /// [`set_len`] method.
+    ///
+    /// [`set_len`]: #method.set_len
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(vec_spare_capacity, maybe_uninit_extra)]
+    ///
+    /// // Allocate vector big enough for 10 elements.
+    /// let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(10);
+    ///
+    /// // Fill in the first 3 elements.
+    /// let uninit = v.spare_capacity_mut();
+    /// uninit[0].write(0);
+    /// uninit[1].write(1);
+    /// uninit[2].write(2);
+    ///
+    /// // Mark the first 3 elements of the vector as being initialized.
+    /// unsafe {
+    ///     v.set_len(3);
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(&v, &[0, 1, 2]);
+    /// ```
+    #[unstable(feature = "vec_spare_capacity", issue = "75017")]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn spare_capacity_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<T>] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len) as *mut MaybeUninit<T>,
+                self.buf.capacity() - self.len,
+            )
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T: Clone> Vec<T> {