In #119972 the code should have become `E0123` rather than `0123`. This
fix doesn't affect the outcome because the proc macro errors out before
the type of the code is checked, but the fix makes the test's code
consistent with other similar code elsewhere.
Error codes are integers, but `String` is used everywhere to represent
them. Gross!
This commit introduces `ErrCode`, an integral newtype for error codes,
replacing `String`. It also introduces a constant for every error code,
e.g. `E0123`, and removes the `error_code!` macro. The constants are
imported wherever used with `use rustc_errors::codes::*`.
With the old code, we have three different ways to specify an error code
at a use point:
```
error_code!(E0123) // macro call
struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg"); // bare ident arg to macro call
\#[diag(name, code = "E0123")] // string
struct Diag;
```
With the new code, they all use the `E0123` constant.
```
E0123 // constant
struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg"); // constant
\#[diag(name, code = E0123)] // constant
struct Diag;
```
The commit also changes the structure of the error code definitions:
- `rustc_error_codes` now just defines a higher-order macro listing the
used error codes and nothing else.
- Because that's now the only thing in the `rustc_error_codes` crate, I
moved it into the `lib.rs` file and removed the `error_codes.rs` file.
- `rustc_errors` uses that macro to define everything, e.g. the error
code constants and the `DIAGNOSTIC_TABLES`. This is in its new
`codes.rs` file.
