Clarify how to use `black_box()`
Closes#133923.
r? libs
^ (I think that's the right group, this is my first time!)
This PR adds further clarification on the [`black_box()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/hint/fn.black_box.html) documentation. Specifically, it teaches _how_ to use it, instead of just _when_ to use it.
I tried my best to make it clear and accurate, but a lot of my information is sourced from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/12707 and [manually inspecting assembly](https://godbolt.org/). Please tell me if I got anything wrong!
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