Store resolution for self and crate root module segments
Let's make sure to record the segment resolution for `self::`, `crate::` and `$crate::`.
I'm actually somewhat surprised that the only diagnostic that uses this is the one that errors on invalid generics on a module segment... but seems strictly more correct regardless, and there may be other diagnostics using these segments resolutions that just haven't been tested for `self`. Also includes a drive-by on `report_prohibit_generics_error`.
b1008d1370